What do logical operators include in programming?

Logical operators are fundamental in programming and are used to create compound boolean expressions, which evaluate to either true or false. The set of logical operators includes "and," "or," and "not."

• "And" is used to determine if multiple conditions are true simultaneously; if both conditions return true, the combined statement is also true.
• "Or" checks if at least one of the conditions is true; if any one of the conditions evaluates to true, the entire statement is true.

• "Not" negates a boolean expression, converting true to false and vice versa, which is useful for reversing the truth value of a condition.

These operators are essential in controlling the flow of a program through decision-making, enabling developers to create more complex logic and conditions in their code.

The other options refer to different concepts: comparisons (greater than, less than, equal to) are used in conditional statements but do not qualify as logical operators; arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply) are basic mathematical operations; and programming constructs like branching, looping, and functions describe structural elements of programming rather than logical operations.